Review on notes

Since we had people absent yesterday we had a day to review everything we went over yesterday. I didn't have to take notes because I had everything in my notes! We reviewed Charlemagne and Charles the Hammer. We also reviewed Charles the Hammer's kids and when they died. We have a test on Wednesday and I want to get an A very badly! Since we already knew all of this stuff we have the rest of class to relax and study or talk. Mr. Schick took Jessica's headband and put it on and took a selfie. It was actually pretty funny! We also learned yesterday that Mr. Schick met Morgan Freeman and a bunch of other famous actors and actresses!! I never knew he met them and it was so cool! I had no idea that he did this and it was really cool to hear who he met and what he did.

Charlemagne notes

• Middle ages= medieval period
• 476-1453 AD
• (from the end of the roman empire to the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks)
• medieval Europe is fragmented 

This is a new society 

this new society has roots in:

• classical heritage of Rome
• beliefs of the roman catholic church
• customs of various Germanic tribes

5th century Germanic invaders

overrun the western half of the roman empire

causing:

• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shits to rural areas 

Effects of invasion

declining of learning 

• romance languages evolve (french, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)

Germanic kingdoms emerge: AD 400-600

Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor 

he provides them w/ food, weapons, treasure 

result:

• no orderly government for large areas 
• small communities rule 

- pope Gregory I (Gregory the great) goes secular (worldly power)

- Church revenues are used to help to poor, build roads and raise armies

- this is a theocracy

- Gregory's spiritual kingdom (Christendom) extends from Italy to England, from Spain to Germany 

- hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732 (if he hadn't won, western Europe could have become part of the Muslim Empire

Powerpoint notes: continued : charles the hammer

D. A european empire evolves
     1. franks control largest european kingdom 
          a. the roman province formerly known as Gaul
          b. ruled by Clovis- the Merovingian Dynasty 
*one of the most pivotal, crucial turning point when Charles the hammer took on a Muslim army.... and won**
     2. major domo- mayor of the palace-ruled the kingdom
     3. charles martel- charles the hammer
         a. extended the Franks' reign to the north, south, and east
         b. defeated a Muslim army from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732- historic battle- Christians beat Muslims 
     4. charles the hammer's son- Pepin the Short
         a. possibly named for his unusual short haircut
         b. working for and with the pope, Pepin fought the Lombards
         c. Pope Stephen II named Pepin "king by the grace of God"- beginning the Carolingian Dynasty 751-987 AD
         d. Pepin the short had two sons: Carolman and Charles
         e. Carolman died... leaving Charles to take over 
E. Charlemagne takes center stage
     1. Charlemagne - aka Charles the Great 
         a. six foot four
         b. built the greatest empire since rome
         c. fought the Muslims in Spain
         d. fought Germanic tribes
         e. spread Christianity
         f. reunited western Europe
         g. became the most powerful king in western Europe 
         h. pope Leo III crowned him emperor in 800 AD after he defended him from an unruly roman mob
         i. this signaled the joining of Germanic power, the church, and the heritage of the roman empire  
      2. Charlemagne's government 
         a. he limited the authority of the nobles
         b. he regularly visited every part of his kingdom
         c. kept close watch on his huge estates
      3. cultural revival 
         a. encouraging learning 
         b. ordered monasteries to open schools
         c. opened a palace school
      4. but, his heirs were weenies...
         a. his son- Louis the Pious was ineffective 
         b. Louis' three sons- Lothair, Charles the bald, and Louis the German- split up the kingdom at the Treaty of Verdun in 843 AD 

Germanic Kingdoms Unit Under Charlemagne

MAIN IDEA

• many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire

WHY IT MATTERS NOW!

• Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern Europe, which is where many of us came from

SETTING THE STAGE!

• middle ages= medieval period
• 500- 1500 AD
• medieval Europe is fragmented 

A. invasions trigger changes in western europe

 1. invasions and constant warfare spark new trends

     a. Disruption of trade 

          i. europe's cities are no longer economic centers

          ii. money is scarce 

     b. downfall of cities

          i. cities are no longer centers of administration

     c. population shifts

          i. nobles retreat to the rural areas 

          ii. cities don't have strong leadership 

 2. decline of learning

     a. Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition 

     b. only priests and church officials could read and write

     c. knowledge of Greek (and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lose 

 *TEST QUESTION: what was the most common language: LATIN

 3. loss of a common language 

     a. dialects develop in different regions

     b. by the 800s, french, Spanish, and other roman-based languages are evolving from latin 

B. Germanic kingdom emerge

 1. the concept of government changes

     a. roman society: loyal to public government 

     b. germanic society: loyal to family

          i. germanic chief led warriors 

          ii. during peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the lord's hall)

          iii. during wartime, warriors fought for the lord

     c. "the king, who's that? you want to collect taxes from me? who the heck are you?"

     d. franks live in the roman province Gaul- their leader is Clovis

 2. the franks under Clovis 

     a. another battlefield conversion (just like Constantine!)

     b. Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop

     c. the church in rome approves of this "alliance"

     d. Clovis and the church begin to work together 

C. Germanic peoples adopt Christianity

 1. 511 AD- Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom

 2. 600 AD- church+ Frankish rulers convert many 

 3. fear of Muslims in southern europe spur many to become Christians

 4. monasteries and convents

     a. 520 AD- Benedict wrote the rules from monks and monasteries

          i. poverty, chastity, obedience, study

     b. his sister scholastica did the same for nuns in convents

     c. 731 AD- the Venerable Bede wrote a killer history of England

     d. Monks opened schools, maintained libraries, and copied books (bibles, greek texts)

 5. (Pope) Gregory I expands papal power 

     a. papacy= pope's office

     b. secular power= worldly power

     c. so.... under Gregory the great...  

Papal power (power of the pope) is political power, presented from the pope's palace

     d. the church can use church money to:

         raise armies

         repair roads

         help the poor

     e. Gregory the great began to act as mayor of Rome, and as head of an earthy kingdom (Christendom)

Textbook notes review/ powerpoint

THE MIDDLE AGES

Today in class we went over our notes that we took the other night. We talked about what we said and how we are supposed to put the notes in our own words. But, unfortunately, none of us did that. We talked about a few new vocabulary words also. We learned that Christendom- is a combination of Christianity and kingdom we also learned that taxes/ tithe is giving 10% of what you earned from work and giving it to the church. We also learned that the eastern roman empire is known as the Byzantine Empire. In the roman empire, we learned that they were speaking Greek instead of Latin. 

- Socrates

- Plato 

- play writes

• you need to know how to speak and read Greek in order to do what these people did in their time period. 
• if we (people from this age) were alive back in the middle ages:
• we would not be going to school 
• we would learn to become a butcher (for boys) a house wife or being able to to take care of a family (women)
• we would learn from our parents 
• in order to learn and progress in the middle ages:
• we would need to know how to read or write 
• romans were not in the center of trade or in social life
• life back then in the Middle Ages was a lot more civilized than we thought it was 
• had a lot cleaner civilization 

POWERPOINT

• feudalism: a political, military, and economic system based on land-holding and protective alliances 
• in other words: the system is based on personal loyalty to people who can help you
• RICH DUDE (LORD): "I own land; I need people to help me work it and defend it"
• TOUGH DUDES (VASSALS): "there are a lot of us, we can help the rich dudes hold on to their land"

THE FEUDAL PYRAMID 

                                            - king

          - the most powerful VASSALS (nobles and bishops)

       -knights- mounted warriors who received FIEFS for defending                                        their lord's lad 

                           - PEASANTS (mostly SERFS)

            landless, powerless, moneyless, rights-less just working the                                land for "the man" (their lord)

• MANOR- the lord's estate 
• the lord's manor house
• a church
• some workshops
• 15-30 families
• all on a few square miles
• good news: it's a self-sufficient community
• bad news: it's harsh if you're a peasant

HOW HARSH WAS IT?

• peasants are poor AND pay high taxes
• tax on grain
• tax on marriage
• church tax (tithe= 10% of their income)
• the live in crowded cottages
• live with animals and insects 
• eat VERY simply
• but don't worry- the church says this is your lot in life
• God determines your place in society- so chill

Test Returned

We got our tests back in class today and I am so happy I got an A! I got my first ding for this semester and I was so happy. It didn't seem like a lot of people got dings this time. Only a few of us did. I got a 94, Hailey got a 98 and Carly got a 100! We all reviewed together right before the test and we all seemed to know the information pretty well. I am so happy that I got a great grade on this test because I studied very hard. I made a quizlet with all the information from the past three tests so I was sure to get an A!! My next goal is to get a 100 and get a double ding! The year is winding down but Mr. Schick said that we will still have a few more tests before exams. I have to be sure to study very hard for all of my exams. Science and west civ are the classes that I am most worried about. I need to be sure to study a lot and to not cram it all in in the last couple days. If I do that I think that I will be okay! I did okay on my first semester exams so I want to be able to do even better this time!

text book notes: After Rome

AFTER ROME
 "The upheaval of the early middle ages ended not in a collapse of civilization but in its renewal. and the first two early medieval centuries set the patterns for how this renewal would later take place in western and eastern Europe."

• the two centuries after the fall of Rome were a time of turmoil in Europe that would continue for five hundred years- a half millennium that counts as the "early" part of the middle ages. 
• in the Germanic kingdoms that had taken over the western half of the roman empire
• roman institutions gradually stopped working
•  cities ceased to be centers if trade and social life
•  warfare became more important than education and culture in the lives of the upper classes 
• the roman empire's surviving eastern half contributed to western Europe's chaos by efforts at reconquest, and then itself came under attack by newly powerful neighbors 

medieval- refers to the distinctive civilization of the middle ages which developed in Europe after the disintegration of the roman empire and before the emergence of the modern west 

noble- a member of the warrior-landowner group that formed the elite of medieval Europe 

5th century - Angles and Saxons invade Britain

486- Clovis leads Frankish confederacy against Romans and rival Germanic invaders in Gaul

527-565- reign of emperor Justinian in the eastern empire

542- plague hits Egypt, then spreads throughout the Mediterranean area and much of western Europe

568- Lombard conquer most of northern Italy

570-632- life of Muhammad

595- missionaries sent by the pope begin to convert the pagans of England 

711- Muslim invasion of Spain

800- Slavs occupy almost all of eastern Europe