One more class

We only have one more class left for west civ in freshman year! Today we took our last test and tomorrow we will get reviewing one more time for the exam. I got a 73 on my test which I am not too happy about. Even though my grade wasn't the best, I am happy I passed. I'm going to need to study a lot for this exam because I am not that great in social studies. I came a long way this year with studying hard for my tests so if I just study as hard as I did for my tests I will do just fine. I am so excited for the summer and the end of the year so it will be kind of difficult buckling down to study. Tomorrow in class I hope we have a good review day and get to review a lot of our information for next week. I need to listen to everything my teachers say about our exams because I want to do the best I possibly can.

Review for test

- the warriors loyalty is to the LORD OF THE MANOR
- he provides them with food weapons and treasure 
- Romans languages: French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian 
- Franks---> French
- in 496 Clovis had a battlefield conversion and his warriors became Christians 
- New roots:

• customs of various germanic tribes

- population shifts to rural areas 

- 511 franks were united into one kingdom

- in 520 Benedict writes rules for monks:

• vows of poverty- live in monasteries
• chastity- no martial relations 
• obedience- make copies of the bible 

- Benedict's sister Scholastica writes similar rules for the nuns 

- secular - Worldly power 

- church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads and raise armies

• this is a theocracy

- Christendom

•  extends from Italy to England Spain to Germany 
• a kingdom of Christians 

- most of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms (SEVEN IN ENGLAND)

- Charles the hammer defeats Muslims raiding party from Spain at the battle of tours in 732

- Charles Martel (charles the hammer) had a son named Pepin the Short 

-  Pepin the shorts son, Charlemagne, meaning Charles the Great

CHARLEMAGNE 

- built the greatest empire

- 6 foot four

- fought Germanic tribes

- spread Christianity

- reunited western Europe 

- most powerful king in western Europe 

- fought muslims in SPAIN

- Pope Leo III crowned him emperor in 800 AD after he defended  him form a roman mob

- just like JULIUS CAESAR

- visited every part of his kingdom 

- kept close watch on his huge estates

- encourages learning 

- had three sons 

• Lothair 
• charles the bald
• louis the german
• the sons split up the kingdom at the treaty of Verdun in AD 843

- his heirs were weak and ineffective

 

Review on notes

Since we had people absent yesterday we had a day to review everything we went over yesterday. I didn't have to take notes because I had everything in my notes! We reviewed Charlemagne and Charles the Hammer. We also reviewed Charles the Hammer's kids and when they died. We have a test on Wednesday and I want to get an A very badly! Since we already knew all of this stuff we have the rest of class to relax and study or talk. Mr. Schick took Jessica's headband and put it on and took a selfie. It was actually pretty funny! We also learned yesterday that Mr. Schick met Morgan Freeman and a bunch of other famous actors and actresses!! I never knew he met them and it was so cool! I had no idea that he did this and it was really cool to hear who he met and what he did.

Charlemagne notes

• Middle ages= medieval period
• 476-1453 AD
• (from the end of the roman empire to the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks)
• medieval Europe is fragmented 

This is a new society 

this new society has roots in:

• classical heritage of Rome
• beliefs of the roman catholic church
• customs of various Germanic tribes

5th century Germanic invaders

overrun the western half of the roman empire

causing:

• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shits to rural areas 

Effects of invasion

declining of learning 

• romance languages evolve (french, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)

Germanic kingdoms emerge: AD 400-600

Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor 

he provides them w/ food, weapons, treasure 

result:

• no orderly government for large areas 
• small communities rule 

- pope Gregory I (Gregory the great) goes secular (worldly power)

- Church revenues are used to help to poor, build roads and raise armies

- this is a theocracy

- Gregory's spiritual kingdom (Christendom) extends from Italy to England, from Spain to Germany 

- hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732 (if he hadn't won, western Europe could have become part of the Muslim Empire

Powerpoint notes: continued : charles the hammer

D. A european empire evolves
     1. franks control largest european kingdom 
          a. the roman province formerly known as Gaul
          b. ruled by Clovis- the Merovingian Dynasty 
*one of the most pivotal, crucial turning point when Charles the hammer took on a Muslim army.... and won**
     2. major domo- mayor of the palace-ruled the kingdom
     3. charles martel- charles the hammer
         a. extended the Franks' reign to the north, south, and east
         b. defeated a Muslim army from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732- historic battle- Christians beat Muslims 
     4. charles the hammer's son- Pepin the Short
         a. possibly named for his unusual short haircut
         b. working for and with the pope, Pepin fought the Lombards
         c. Pope Stephen II named Pepin "king by the grace of God"- beginning the Carolingian Dynasty 751-987 AD
         d. Pepin the short had two sons: Carolman and Charles
         e. Carolman died... leaving Charles to take over 
E. Charlemagne takes center stage
     1. Charlemagne - aka Charles the Great 
         a. six foot four
         b. built the greatest empire since rome
         c. fought the Muslims in Spain
         d. fought Germanic tribes
         e. spread Christianity
         f. reunited western Europe
         g. became the most powerful king in western Europe 
         h. pope Leo III crowned him emperor in 800 AD after he defended him from an unruly roman mob
         i. this signaled the joining of Germanic power, the church, and the heritage of the roman empire  
      2. Charlemagne's government 
         a. he limited the authority of the nobles
         b. he regularly visited every part of his kingdom
         c. kept close watch on his huge estates
      3. cultural revival 
         a. encouraging learning 
         b. ordered monasteries to open schools
         c. opened a palace school
      4. but, his heirs were weenies...
         a. his son- Louis the Pious was ineffective 
         b. Louis' three sons- Lothair, Charles the bald, and Louis the German- split up the kingdom at the Treaty of Verdun in 843 AD 

Germanic Kingdoms Unit Under Charlemagne

MAIN IDEA

• many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire

WHY IT MATTERS NOW!

• Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern Europe, which is where many of us came from

SETTING THE STAGE!

• middle ages= medieval period
• 500- 1500 AD
• medieval Europe is fragmented 

A. invasions trigger changes in western europe

 1. invasions and constant warfare spark new trends

     a. Disruption of trade 

          i. europe's cities are no longer economic centers

          ii. money is scarce 

     b. downfall of cities

          i. cities are no longer centers of administration

     c. population shifts

          i. nobles retreat to the rural areas 

          ii. cities don't have strong leadership 

 2. decline of learning

     a. Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition 

     b. only priests and church officials could read and write

     c. knowledge of Greek (and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lose 

 *TEST QUESTION: what was the most common language: LATIN

 3. loss of a common language 

     a. dialects develop in different regions

     b. by the 800s, french, Spanish, and other roman-based languages are evolving from latin 

B. Germanic kingdom emerge

 1. the concept of government changes

     a. roman society: loyal to public government 

     b. germanic society: loyal to family

          i. germanic chief led warriors 

          ii. during peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the lord's hall)

          iii. during wartime, warriors fought for the lord

     c. "the king, who's that? you want to collect taxes from me? who the heck are you?"

     d. franks live in the roman province Gaul- their leader is Clovis

 2. the franks under Clovis 

     a. another battlefield conversion (just like Constantine!)

     b. Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop

     c. the church in rome approves of this "alliance"

     d. Clovis and the church begin to work together 

C. Germanic peoples adopt Christianity

 1. 511 AD- Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom

 2. 600 AD- church+ Frankish rulers convert many 

 3. fear of Muslims in southern europe spur many to become Christians

 4. monasteries and convents

     a. 520 AD- Benedict wrote the rules from monks and monasteries

          i. poverty, chastity, obedience, study

     b. his sister scholastica did the same for nuns in convents

     c. 731 AD- the Venerable Bede wrote a killer history of England

     d. Monks opened schools, maintained libraries, and copied books (bibles, greek texts)

 5. (Pope) Gregory I expands papal power 

     a. papacy= pope's office

     b. secular power= worldly power

     c. so.... under Gregory the great...  

Papal power (power of the pope) is political power, presented from the pope's palace

     d. the church can use church money to:

         raise armies

         repair roads

         help the poor

     e. Gregory the great began to act as mayor of Rome, and as head of an earthy kingdom (Christendom)

Textbook notes review/ powerpoint

THE MIDDLE AGES

Today in class we went over our notes that we took the other night. We talked about what we said and how we are supposed to put the notes in our own words. But, unfortunately, none of us did that. We talked about a few new vocabulary words also. We learned that Christendom- is a combination of Christianity and kingdom we also learned that taxes/ tithe is giving 10% of what you earned from work and giving it to the church. We also learned that the eastern roman empire is known as the Byzantine Empire. In the roman empire, we learned that they were speaking Greek instead of Latin. 

- Socrates

- Plato 

- play writes

• you need to know how to speak and read Greek in order to do what these people did in their time period. 
• if we (people from this age) were alive back in the middle ages:
• we would not be going to school 
• we would learn to become a butcher (for boys) a house wife or being able to to take care of a family (women)
• we would learn from our parents 
• in order to learn and progress in the middle ages:
• we would need to know how to read or write 
• romans were not in the center of trade or in social life
• life back then in the Middle Ages was a lot more civilized than we thought it was 
• had a lot cleaner civilization 

POWERPOINT

• feudalism: a political, military, and economic system based on land-holding and protective alliances 
• in other words: the system is based on personal loyalty to people who can help you
• RICH DUDE (LORD): "I own land; I need people to help me work it and defend it"
• TOUGH DUDES (VASSALS): "there are a lot of us, we can help the rich dudes hold on to their land"

THE FEUDAL PYRAMID 

                                            - king

          - the most powerful VASSALS (nobles and bishops)

       -knights- mounted warriors who received FIEFS for defending                                        their lord's lad 

                           - PEASANTS (mostly SERFS)

            landless, powerless, moneyless, rights-less just working the                                land for "the man" (their lord)

• MANOR- the lord's estate 
• the lord's manor house
• a church
• some workshops
• 15-30 families
• all on a few square miles
• good news: it's a self-sufficient community
• bad news: it's harsh if you're a peasant

HOW HARSH WAS IT?

• peasants are poor AND pay high taxes
• tax on grain
• tax on marriage
• church tax (tithe= 10% of their income)
• the live in crowded cottages
• live with animals and insects 
• eat VERY simply
• but don't worry- the church says this is your lot in life
• God determines your place in society- so chill