Phil and Matt as teachers

Today instead of Mr. Schick teach he had Phil and Matt teach. Matt was going to teach yesterday but since Mr. Schick wasn't here he couldn't. Matt did not want to do it alone so he decided to pick Phil to teach with him. The guys went over the notes for LO3 as a review. They used Phil's blog and read off vocabulary and some notes. 

ATHENS
Hoplite: a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece
Monarchy: a state in which supreme power is held by a single, usually hereditary ruler 
Triremes; massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram a board enemy ships (maybe 172 people rowing) (three rows "tri") 
SPARTA
Helots: non citizens forces to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta 

NOTES FOR QUIZ
know where they are:
-Aegean sea 
-Adriatic sea 
-Ionian sea 
-Crete 
-Athens
-Sparta 
-Peloponnese 
-Mediterranean sea- means "middle of the earth" 

Group Project

Today in class since Mr. Schick wasn’t there we had Mr. Gudroe as a teacher. He teaches ceramics and intro to drawing. We went down to his classroom for class today. We got to sit wherever we wanted to I decided to sit with Carly and Hailey. We got an assignment that was on Mr. Schick’s blog and we had to make a powerpoint or a google doc about Athens and Sparta. We got to work with partners if we wanted so I worked with Carly and Hailey. We made a google doc and had to talk about the population, place on the map, role of women, lifestyle and about the wars they went in. It was very easy especially since we got to work with partners. I really enjoyed this assignment for class today and I hope we get to work with partners/ a group a lot more.

LO3 notes Athens and Sparta

CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES: THE GREEK CITY-STATES 

acropolis: the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town

CITY-STATES AND CITIZENS
- the notion of citizen participation seems to have originated partly in geography. 

caption: The Athenian Owl:
- that was the slang name of this tetradrachma because of the owl, the sacred bird of Athena, on the reverse. 

hoplite: a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece
phalanx: a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy 
monarchy: a state in which supreme power is held by a single usually hereditary ruler
oligarchy: a state in which supreme power is held by a small group
triremes: massive fighting vessels which three banks of oars used to ram of board enemy ships
tyranny: rule by a self-proclaimed dictator (a tyrant)
democracy: in ancient Greece, a form of goverment in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making

MONARCHY, OLIGARCHY, TYRANNY, DEMOCRACY
- in the earliest times of classical Greek civilization, the communities that would have become city-states were ruled by kings and their leading companion warriors as described in the epics of Homer. 

SPARTA: THE MILITARY IDEAL
- the Spartans were the descendants of Greeks who had conquered part of the southern mainland, the territory of Laconia.

THE SPARTAN WAY OF LIFE
-Along with this government system there went a way of life that dedicated male citizens entirely to the service of the state. 

aristocrats: members of prominent and long-established Athenian families 

ATHENS: FREEDOM AND POWER
- To the Athenians, the Spartan life was not worth living. 
-One of their favorite jokes was that the life led by the Spartans explained their willingness to face death. 

ARISTOCRATS AND COMMONERS
- the Athenian homeland was the peninsula of Attica in the central region of mainland Greece 
-In the period of renewal of Greek civilization about 800 BC, many old-established communities in Attica merged to form a single city-state that was known by the name of the most important community, Athens. 

Notes on the Greeks

Geography of Greece

• Adriatic
• 20% suitable for farming
• Fertile valleys cover 1/4 of peninsula
• Lack of resources led to colonization

Mycenaean's

• Began around 2000 BC
• Located:
• On a rocky ridge
• Protected by a 20 ft thick wall
• Kings dominated Greece from 1600-1200 BC
• Controlled trade in the region
• 1400 BC Mycenaean's invaded Crete and absorbed Minoan culture and language
• When they invaded:
• Did not take them out
• They were all in it together
• Let them do what they wanted
• Learned from each other

Culture in decline

• Around 1200 BC sea people began to invade Mycenae and burnt palace after palace
• The Dorians moved into the war-torn region
• Far less advanced
• Economy collapsed

Homer and myths

• Stories were passed on by word of mouth
• He was a poet
• Was blind
• Wrote 2 epic poems
• The Lliad
• The Odyssey
• 750-700 BC

The Lliad:

• Was about the Trojan war
• Mythical methods

• Homer lived end of "Greek Dark Ages"
• Trojan was probably one of last conquest

The Odyssey

• About a man (Odysseus)
• Won a war and wanted to get home to his wife and son
• He angered the gods
• Goes through difficult adventures
• 12,110 lines in dactylic hexameter

Vocab

• Arete- virtue and excellence
• Epics- narrative poems, celebrating heroic deeds
• Myths- were created to explain creation
• Zeus: leader of the gods
• Hera: Zeus' wife
• Athena: goddess of wisdom 

Chapter 3 LO2 notes

THE AEGEAN ENCOUNTER

• the scene of this encounter was a region stretching from mainland Greece across the Aegean sea with its many islands, to the western coast lands of asia minor. 

MINOAN CIVILIZATION

• about 2200 BC a distinct civilization, known today as minoan arose on the aegean island of Crete.  

THE ARRIVAL OF THE GREEKS: MYCENEAN CIVILIZATION

• at the time that minoan civilization arose, great changes were taking place in the lands that stretched for thousands of miles to the north and east of Crete 

THE "DARK AGES"

• mycenean civilization lasted until shortly after 1200 BC, when it fell victim to the same regional crisis that involved the downfall of the Hittites and the attacks of the Sea peoples on Egypt

colony: in ancient Greece, a new city-state settled in an oversea territory by a group sponsored by a city-state located elsewhere 

oracle: a priest or priestess who was believed to give answers that were inspired by a god or goddess to questions from worships at a temple 

THE RENEWAL OF GREEK CIVILIZATION

• by about 800 BC, the Aegean region, like the lands to its south and east was on the way to recovering from the crisis. 

Review Notes: the Greeks

*Greeks invented democracy*

• barbarians are people that had a distinctive way of life, based on farming and warfare. 
• anybody that lived the lifestyle based on farming was also into warfare, fighting eachother, fighting against other people
• Greeks are war-like people
• so were Athenians 
• megaliths: massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs 
• Ex: the stone age 
• over three thousand years, up to the time of the Persian Empire, civilization had spread from its Sumerian and Egyptian homelands right across southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa

why the Greeks rocked:

• new ideas
• incredible art forms
• democratic government with citizen participation
• innovations in warfare 

LO1 notes:

4000 BC- farming and village life spreads from Sumerian and Egyptian lands across SW asia and NE africa, and the European continent 

3500 BC- some are organized enough to construct megaliths, massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs, such as stonehenge, (finished in England in 2000 BC), consisting of 160 massive boulders weighing up to 50 tons (100,000 punds) each, staked and circled and aligned to the movements of sun and moon

from 2500 BC on- indo-European nomads migrated from the steppes in eastern Europe

• their language would evolve into Greek and Latin
• their lives centered around strength and courage, comradeship and loyalty, contests and battle (arate)
• thinner populations than Egypt or Mesopotamia- they formed tribes, social and political unit consisting of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship

• Greeks thought their gods had human characteristics 

• tribes were headed by powerful hereditary chieftains, thought of as kings (or, rarely, queens)

• this is how Europe came to be populated by speakers of Indo-European languages who were skilled in farming, metalworking, trade, and warfare

• there were no cities, written records, or fixed structures of government 

• they were good at trading and making things other people wants

• they were barbarians (from Greek barbaros- non-Greek") 

• they adopted the way of life of those they encountered, and as they traveled (from 2000 BC to AD 1000), this is how civilization eventually spread throughout Europe 

• the distinctive civilization the Greeks developed is the first that counts as definitely "Western" 

• the Romans took so many things as the Greeks did 
• the Roman gods are Greek gods with different names 

geography of Greece 

• mountainous peninsula
• mountains cover 3/4 
• approximately 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas
• location shaped its culture
• skilled sailors
• poor natural resources 
• difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain; developed small, independent communities 
• example: Athens and Sparta
• approximately 20% suitable for farming 
• fertile valleys cover 1/4 of peninsula 
• because of geography the Greeks diet consists of grain, grapes, olives 
• lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
• temperatures range from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer  

            

First Test

We got our first test back today! I got an 85 and I was very happy with my grade. The topic that was on the test was not hard so the test was pretty easy. When we got to class Mr. Schick gave back our tests right away and if we got an A he would give us a ding. Unfortunately, I did not get a ding but my goal is to get one soon! Even though the test was easy I still did study and I definitely think that helped! After we got our tests back we went over the answers so for the exam we have all the right answers to study. I like that we go over the answers because it really does help as a way to study! It took awhile to take the test because it was put back because of all the snow. But finally we took it and can move on to the next lesson!